ICJEM
Intercontinental Journal of Emergency Medicine

The Intercontinental Journal of Emergency Medicine aims to publish issues related to all fields of emergency medicine and all specialties involved in the management of emergencies in the hospital and prehospital environment of the highest scientific and clinical value at an international level and accepts articles on these topics.

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Original Article
Retrospective evaluation of the inflammatory response in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on hematological and biochemical parameters
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters of individuals with COVID-19 positivity with those of a healthy control group. Additionally, the relationship between the systemic inflammatory index (SII) and the disease, the interaction between symptom presence and hematological variables, the association of thoracic computed tomography (CT) findings with clinical and laboratory parameters, and the effect of applied treatment protocols on length of hospital stay were evaluated.
Methods: This retrospective, observational study included a total of 286 individuals aged 18–80 years who presented to Yozgat City Hospital between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. The study group consisted of 143 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on RT-PCR positivity, while the control group included 143 healthy individuals with negative RT-PCR results and no known comorbid diseases. Demographic data and hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters were recorded retrospectively, and SII values were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests were applied, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In the COVID-19 group, the female/male ratio was 31.5%/68.5%, and the mean age was similar to that of the control group. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. The most frequently reported symptoms were myalgia, cough, and fever. Thoracic CT findings compatible with COVID-19 were observed in 37.8% of the cases, and these patients had a longer duration of hospital stay. Compared with the control group, the COVID-19 group showed increased leukocyte and neutrophil counts as well as elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and D-dimer levels, while lymphocyte counts were decreased. The SII value was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p<0.001). Patients with longer hospital stays were more likely to have received combination therapy.
Conclusion: COVID-19 is characterized by marked hematological and inflammatory alterations. In particular, elevated SII and lymphopenia are important indicators reflecting disease severity. Monitoring these parameters may provide valuable guidance in the clinical management of COVID-19.

Keywords : COVID-19, Systemic Inflammatory Index, length of hospital stay

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Article available in :
Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Page : 7-12
https://doi.org/10.51271/ICJEM-0069
Article Information
Received : 09 Oca 2026
Accepted : 02 Şub 2026
Published : 07 Mar 2026
Corresponding Author :

İsmail Ağı: Department of Emergency Medicine, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Ağı İ, Güngör İ. Retrospective evaluation of the inflammatory response in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on hematological and biochemical parameters. Intercont J Emerg Med. 2026;4(1):7-12.

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